This paper provides an overview of bank funding trends in the euro area following the 2007-09 global financial crisis and the euro area crisis. It shows that funding has become segmented along national borders and that secured instruments are much more prevalent than previously. Rising debt...

The recent developments in the euro area have shown how important it is that the various economic sectors pay attention to their financial positions. In the literature, the approach to analyse these positions is often partial, focusing on the government sector or just on the gross debt, as in...

Until the years 1980 the financial crisis were considered as being limited to the level of the capital market (individually), without bearing a systemic character. If considering the intensification of the globalization process, we attended at the increase of the degree of commercial and...

The paper examines economic and political challenges of joining the euro area in the case of Poland. After reviewing the economic developments since the pre-accession period and assessing economic convergence with the euro area the paper focuses on the political and institutional challenges of...

Unlike the crisis years of 2007-2009 (when the insolvency of large banks was a major problem), the current round of the global financial crisis has fiscal origins. Almost all developed countries suffer from an excessive public debt burden that has been built up over the last two decades or more....

By the end of 2009, a very cold breath of austerity was blowing from the European financial and banking system and thoroughly was touching every Member State’s economy, but only for some of them perspective of this severe situation is called bankruptcy frequently. By the spring of this year...

Asymmetric information theory says that individuals who cooperate in different situations have different levels of knowledge on a subject. The main role of a financial system is to direct funds to individuals and companies that have good money investments. To do this correctly, participants in...

The article deals with the fundamental methodological and theoretical ideas of market economy. The logical core of the market economy (ME) and its functioning is briefly described. From these logical bases of ME basic principles of its right functioning are deduced and from there is deduced how...

This paper provides market risk calculation for an equity-based trading portfolio. Instead of relying on the purely stochastic internal model method, which banks currently apply in line with the Basel regulatory requirements, we propose to include also alternative price mechanisms from the...

The Federal Reserve has been criticized for not preventing the risky behavior of large financial companies prior to the financial crisis of 2008-09, for approving mergers that aggravated the "too big to fail" problem, and for its substantial contribution to bailouts when their risk management...