We study when firms choose to install boards and their roles in a historical setting where neither boards nor their duties are mandated by law. Boards arise in firms with large, heterogenous shareholder bases. We propose that an important role of boards is to mediate between heterogenous...

This edition of the Law Digest for the World Bank Group's Sanctions Board presents structured summaries of the Sanctions Board's precedent as set out through more than 100 decisions issued since 2007. The Law Digest also includes key data relating to the work of the Sanctions Board and the World...

In today's world of corporate governance, the board of directors of a publicly held firm (public company) will almost certainly be made up of a majority of independent directors. Armed with such independence, it is hoped that corporate boards can better monitor for managerial opportunism and...

While reference to "fiduciary duties" (plural) is routinely employed in the United States as a convenient short-hand for a corporate director's duties of care and loyalty, other common-law countries generally treat loyalty as the sole "fiduciary duty." This contrast prompts some important...

After various corporate frauds that hit India in the early stages of last decade like the Satyam Computers Scam, 2G Spectrum Scam, Vijay Malaya Scam, to name a few the need for improved corporate governance for the personal reassurance for public good became a necessity. Simultaneously, The...