Asongu, Simplice; Nnanna, Joseph; Acha-Anyi, Paul N. - 2020
This study assesses the simultaneous openness hypothesis that trade modulates foreign direct investment (FDI) to induce … modulate FDI to overwhelmingly induce positive net effects on TFP, real TFP growth, welfare TFP and real welfare TFP. Second …, with exceptions on TFP and welfare TFP where net effects are both positive and negative, trade exports modulate FDI to …