Purpose Today's logistics industry is facing severe challenges since global transportation demand increases substantially. Carriers are urged to reduce empty loads and CO2 emissions through collaboration. Therefore, the concept of Physical Internet (PI) came into being. However, PI is still in...

Purpose The development of e-grocery allows people to purchase food online and benefit from home delivery service. Nevertheless, a high rate of failed deliveries due to the customer’s absence causes significant loss of logistics efficiency, especially for perishable food. The purpose of this...