the sectoral rates of exploitation along with the sectoral monetary expressions of labor time. Our data indicate the … possibility that the expansion of unproductive activities, accompanied by intensification of exploitation within the unproductive …

theoretically relevant to capital accumulation. Essentially, there is no solid ground for Marxism, of various sorts, to claim that …. And as this paper demonstrates, this problem affects theories that are using Marxism to explain the economic value of …

In this paper we review recent developments in axiomatic studies of Marxian exploitation theory. First, given the acute … controversy over the formal definition of exploitation during the 1970-1990s, we review the study of the axiomatic framework …, which identifies some fundamental properties - technically, domain conditions - that any definition of exploitation should …