This paper formulates a comprehensive pension fund framework for enhancing system capacity to manage economic and social risks. The National Social Protection Fund (NSPF) attempts to quantify informal sector, incorporated under a unified national protection scheme. The new protection mechanism...

The East Asian crisis has had serious consequences for workers throughout the region. Unemployment has risen, earnings have fallen, and working conditions have been endangered. The resulting poverty, declines in living standards, and social tension have threatened the gains achieved during the...

This article explores how inflation and the exchange rate can affect the real value of any pension plan system in the long run. In our case, we focus on the specific pension plan system of the Employees Provident Fund (EPF). Nonetheless, we use a new model that is entitled “The EPF Real Value...