Resource-based countries, such as the Next Eleven (N11) and BRICS countries, have been plagued by economic vulnerability due to due to their heavy dependence on the resource industry. Information communication technologies (ICT) has been innovatively applied in the environmental field, which has...

Accelerating climate change, deforestation, and pollution have all turned a global spotlight on corporate sustainability. Many countries have issued standards on Environment, Social, and Governance (ESG) reporting, especially from heavily polluting companies. ESG disclosure has become a main...