This analysis uses least squares and Heckman maximum likelihood estimation procedures with fixed effects to explore the role of economic growth in 36 developed and developing economies—categorised as low-, lower-middle-, upper-middle-, and highincome—in explaining their agri-food import of...

We combine a novel measure of export-related financial needs at the product level with a unique database of firm-product export data from five developing countries. Using the tools of survival analysis and controlling for firm and products fixed effects, we then examine the impact of financial...

The article aims to capture the main effects subsequent to Romania’s accession to UE-27 and integration in the common market, upon the external performances of the agricultural products. The analysis comprised both the evolution and structure of the commercial flows, determinant factors of the...

We outline new data on non-tariff measures (NTMs) in agricultural trade collected as part of the NTM-Impact project. The data cover product and process standards, conformity assessment measures, and country requirements for the EU and 10 other countries. We create a Heterogeneity Index of Trade...

Non-tariff measures (NTMs) beyond traditional trade policy instruments define the requirements that importing countries imposed on foreign products. Due to differences across countries, requirements for supplying foreign markets can lead to trade costs and thus hamper international trade. In...

Resulting from the reduction of tariffs, the significance of and the interest in the impact of Non-Tariff Measures on agricultural trade has increased. The aim of this paper is to analyze the relationship between NTMs and tariffs in Mediterranean (MED) countries. A product-by-product taxonomy...

In 2004, Hungary joined the European Union (EU) along with nine other countries. One of the major changes resulting from this was the transformation of these countries’ agri-food trade. The paper analyses the effects of EU accession on Hungarian primary and processed agri-food trade, using...

Evaluation of the potential of Polish agriculture and the impact of the new CAP programmes in 2014-2020 on increasing its competitiveness in the European Union and in the world. Distributional and income effects of direct payments under the new CAP – the case of Germany. Effects of the new...

The growing number of regional trade agreements is a characteristic feature of contemporary international trade relations. The developing countries are more and more involved in this process. Creating groups is associated with changes in the direction of trade flows. The main objective of the...