The purpose of this study is to examine the influence of earnings management on the readability of annual reports while also examining the moderating role of a female director. In particular, the readability of a company's annual report will be seen from the management perspective using the FOG...

The number of annual report comment letters (ARCLs) has been increasing over the years with the stock exchanges continuously strengthening ex-post supervision. Focusing on the financial expertise of board secretaries, who are directly responsible for disclosure, we thoroughly explore whether...