The Unfair Contract Terms Directive offers consumers protection from pre-arranged imbalanced contract terms. While the standard terms and conditions and privacy policies used by online service providers have previously been accused of harming clients of such online services, a comprehensive...

In its drive to prevent market failures and safeguard consumers, the European legislator has embraced the information approach. In the context of online trade, this requires online traders to disclose ever-growing amounts of information to consumers regarding contract terms, the handling of...

The European Commission adopted the new ADR Directive with an aim to create an additional, attractive stairway to consumer justice. As such, the ADR Directive intends to encourage more consumers to invoke their consumer rights and thus strengthen consumer law enforcement. However, in order to...

The new Consumer Rights Directive introduced some changes to the level of consumers' protection online. However, just like with its predecessor the Distance Selling Directive the main focus of the protection that consumers have been granted online rests in providing them with transparent and...

This is an introduction of future students of (European) consumer law to its main concepts, such as average and vulnerable consumers, unfairness, product risks. Upon reading you may expect to start being able to place this research area within the legal architecture of European Private Law. You...

The interest of European and national policymakers, as well as consumer and market authorities in influencer marketing and its impact on consumer protection has recently esca- lated.1 In a nutshell, influencer marketing is a form of advertising which implies the provision of advertising ser-...