Trade disputes over national product standards are a growing source of tension in the international trading system. The usual pattern is that a country introduces a new product standard for all sales of a good in its local market, which is justified as necessary for consumer or environmental...

The literature on trade liberalization and environment has not considered federal structures. This paper shows how the design of environmental policy in a federal system has implications for the effects of trade reform. Trade liberalization leads to a decline in pollution taxes regardless of...

The Environmental Policy was in its prime during the 1980s but after the 1990s, as several economic problems appeared, the countries did not have the strength to support this policy anymore. However the environmental issues still remain pressing due to the changes in society. Is there a...

One of the most important policies of the European Union that became separated from agricultural policy is the fisheries policy, developed to ensure the future of fishing industry as well as environmental protection. These are the main reasons I chose the subject; secondly, I’m interested in...

The repercussions of European integration on national policymaking have increasingly drawn scholarly attention, yet, the determinants of national adaptation to the European Union are still poorly understood. This article takes issue with requirements and objectives which characterize...

Este documento (RE-306) tiene por objetivo analizar los resultados de las acciones del Banco en República Dominicana en el período 1991-2003 y brindar una oportunidad de reflexión mediante la extracción de lecciones aprendidas sobre la forma en que el Banco puede mejorar el diseño de su...

The report contains an overview of the available international literature and information on the application of economic instruments in water management, with particular emphasis on the European experience. Economic instruments have gained particular attention in recent years as an important...

This document presents the Implementation Guidelines for the Environment and Safeguards Compliance Policy approved by the Management of the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB). Its objective is to support project teams and staff in the interpretation and implementation of each of the Policy...

This evaluation report (RE-241) is inserted within the overall context of the Environmental Management strategy activities in progress within the Bank. The assessment of five infrastructure projects in Bolivia, Chile, and Brazil contributes directly to lessons learned from past experience,...

The purpose of this paper is to provide information and analysis on the environmental issues facing Peru so that the Bank can take into account potentially significant environmental risks as well as opportunities in the Peru Country Strategy and the subsequent programming activities. The...