models most often found in the literature are demonstrated. Abatement activity in the form of end-of-pipe is added and an … introduced; desirable output efficiency, residuals efficiency and abatement efficiency. It is demonstrated that these measures … can be estimated independently using the DEA model. …

unintended residuals as functions of the same set of inputs. End-of-pipe abatement activity is introduced for a production unit … inefficiency, three efficiency measures are introduced: desirable output efficiency, residuals efficiency, and abatement efficiency …. All measures can be estimated separately using the non-parametric DEA model. …

unintended residuals as functions of the same set of inputs. End-of-pipe abatement activity is introduced for a production unit … inefficiency, three efficiency measures are introduced: desirable output efficiency, residuals efficiency, and abatement efficiency …. All measures can be estimated separately using the non-parametric DEA model. …

substitution effects work in opposite directions. Abatement strategies include cleaning-up; decreases in and substitution between … policies. Consequently, deteriorating abatement practices are adopted by the developing economies. The shape of the income …-environmental quality graph depends on the relative strengths of income and substitution effects and the set of available abatement …

Malmquist productivity changes for the two types using a non-parametric DEA model. …

Malmquist productivity changes for the two types using a non-parametric DEA model. …

bads, has serious formal weaknesses as well as not accounting satisfactorily for abatement. Factorially determined multi …