Correctly accounting for the energy and emissions embodied in consumption and trade is essential to effective climate policy design. Robust methods are needed for both policy making and research—for example, the assignment of border carbon adjustments (BCAs) and greenhouse gas emission...

We investigate the role of state control of industry following an increase in the stringency of an environmental policy in a large developing country. Focusing on a national sulfur dioxide (SO2) cleanup campaign in China, we find that the pre-existing extent of state control over the primary...

We calculate carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions embodied in China's net exports using a multi-regional input–output database. We find that the majority of China's export-embodied CO2 is associated with production of machinery and equipment rather than energy-intensive products, such as steel and...

China has adopted targets for developing renewable electricity that would require expansion on an unprecedented scale. During the period from 2010 to 2020, we find that current renewable electricity targets result in significant additional renewable energy installation and a reduction in...