In many countries, capital markets are often served by multiple stock exchanges, typically with one national or dominant exchange and several regional or satellite exchanges. While multi¬ple exchanges create a competitive landscape, they also lead to fragmented liquidity and diseconomies in...

Shiwakoti et al. (2008) concluded that four of the largest UK mutual societies which converted to listed bank status in 1997 outperformed, on a variety of measures, those societies which did not convert in the four-year periods both before and after conversion. All four converting societies have...

This paper offers a systematized and updated view of competition between exchanges. It is divided in two parts: In the first part, we describe the recent reforms in stock exchanges and the main forces driving the development of competition. The second part surveys research done on stock exchanges.

This paper investigates the characteristics possessed by credit unions who have converted to mutual savings institutions, which might lead them to demutualize and become publicly traded banks. We adopt a duration model framework to examine these characteristics. Our key findings are as follows....