The BRICS nations have made environmental sustainability a top priority in their policies due to concerns about the negative impact of fossil fuel reliance on the environment. Their dependence on fossil fuels, both for energy production and imports, has led to a steady increase in greenhouse gas...

In line with the pursuit of clean and affordable energy, our study contributes to the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UNSDGs-7 and -13) and the global fight against climate change by offering evidence-based insights. We conducted a panel analysis of BRICS (Brazil, the Russian...

This study looks at some non-conventional determinants of economic growth, with the help of the newly developed economic freedom index datasets of the Heritage Foundation/Wall Street Journal(HF/WSJ), which is a cumulative index derived from several sub-indices (trade freedom index, financial...