Purpose – The purpose of this study is to develop a conceptual framework for defensive strategy by integrating market entry modes and the typology of firms suggested by Day and Nedungandi, and to attempt to propose how local incumbent firms utilize their mental models in order to react against...

Identifies the effects associated with the entry of a large format (“big box”) retailer into a new market, especially a smaller one. A large format retailer can be a discount department store, category specialist, warehouse club, superstore, supercenter or hypermarket. In order to identify...

Taiwan is one of the newly industrialised economies. Its foreign currency reserves are among the largest in the world. Still, few efforts have been expended to examine its distribution system. This article intends to examine issues concerning Taiwan’s distribution system and its impact on...

Investigates the entry of Wal‐Mart in Brazil, and subsequent moves of established retailers and new entrants with data taken from secondary sources and interviews with executives. First, internationalization of Wal‐Mart and its entry are discussed, which caused an impact on Brazilian...

Purpose – This paper aims to examine whether there is evidence of pioneering advantage in long‐term survival terms in the particular context of franchising. Design/methodology/approach – Data covering 188 franchise chains for an eight‐year period (from 1995 to 2003), operating in...

Offers an appraisal of the corporate experience and prospects of J. Sainsbury plc in the USA, ten years after its market entry. In Part 1, focuses on Sainsbury’s New England subsidiary, Shaw’s, and shows that heavy capital investment, and the determined export of a British model of food...

Offers an appraisal of the corporate experience and prospects of J. Sainsbury plc in the USA, ten years after its market entry. Part 1 focused on Sainsbury’s New England subsidiary, Shaw’s. Heavy capital investment, and the determined export of a British model of food retailing, is shown to...

International retailers are increasingly using franchising as a means of entering foreign markets. However, international retail franchising lacks a conceptual basis from which an explanation of the major elements of this activity can be generated. Agency theory and its major premises of...

Purpose – Both franchising and internationalisation are important subjects of study, but in the existent literature little attention has been given to these two topics combined. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the internationalisation through franchising, using as a case study the...

The economic boom and liberalization make China a new focus of international investments by multinational corporations (MNCs). How to enter this huge market and what entry mode should be taken, remain inconclusive. This paper is a study of the entry modes of MNCs into China from socioeconomic...