The management of multinational operations is often required to balance conflicting priorities between responsiveness at the national subsidiary level and central coordination for global competitiveness. Such balancing requires that relevant data be brought to bear on decisions, that consensus...

Based on case study research, the authors show how alliance failure often follows the opening of a gap between expectations and intermediate outcomes. Failure to detect and attribute the cause of a shortfall, followed by misunderstandings among the partners pave the way to failure. They provide...