We use a unique cross-country dataset at the loss event level to document the evolution and characteristics of banks' operational risk. After a spike following the great financial crisis, operational losses have declined in recent years. The spike is largely accounted for by losses due to...

Cyber risk is an emerging source of systemic risk in the financial sector, and possibly a macro-critical risk too. It is therefore important to integrate it into financial sector surveillance. This paper offers a range of analytical approaches to assess and monitor cyber risk to the financial...

In financial markets, clients entrust their capital and data to financial infrastructure providers who are vulnerable to breaches. We develop a model in which infrastructure providers compete to provide secure and efficient client services, in the presence of a cyber-attacker. In equilibrium,...

Applied Cybersecurity practices in the US private and public industry are transitioning to an overall focus on Cyber Risk Management. It is hence necessary to align IT-Cybersecurity professional association application standards and related educational curricula with emerging applications in...

Mainstream insurance industry practices have adopted Value-at-Risk (VaR) from global financial industry as the pre-dominant cyber insurance model being oblivious to both distinguishing characteristics of cyber-risks as well as statistical properties of VaR. Such widespread misapplication of VaR...