This paper explores the strategic tradeoff between advertising and pricing when firms have asymmetric loyal market segments and also can compete for shoppers who purchase at the lowest advertised price. Two advertising structures consistent with real world settings are considered. In the first...

With the availability of high frequency financial data, nonparametric estimation of volatility of an asset return process becomes feasible. A major problem is how to estimate the volatility consistently and efficiently, when the observed asset returns contain error or noise, for example, in the...

In order to reduce the burden to the environment, the application of prothioconazole and its metabolites need comprehensive evaluation. Therefore, the environmental behaviors tests of prothioconazole were conducted in different conditions, three typical soils and two types of water-sediment...

A (grapheme/poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrenesulfonate) graphene/PEDOT:PSS composite film was electrodeposited on fluorine-doped tin oxide conductive substrate by one-step electrochemical polymerization method. The low-cost and platinum-free film was used as counter electrode in...

Empirical evidence of asset price discontinuities or “jumps” in financial markets has been well documented in the literature. Recently, Aït-Sahalia and Jacod (2009b) defined a general “jump activity index” to describe the degree of jump activities for asset price semimartingales, and...