education and language. When the EU made the borderlines between European countries less visible, the language boundary remained …, standing in the way of easy communication between citizens of different EU countries. We advance the "Learning Union" as a … necessary complement to the EU. The Learning Union has three components: contributing to a sense of European belonging, the …

I study how motivation shapes own and peers' educational success. Using data from Project STAR, I find that academic … motivation in early elementary school, as measured by a standardized psychological test, predicts contemporaneous and future test … scores, high school GPA, and college-test taking over and above cognitive skills. Exploiting random assignment of students to …

I study how motivation shapes own and peers' educational success. Using data from Project STAR, I find that academic … motivation in early elementary school, as measured by a standardized psychological test, predicts contemporaneous and future test … scores, high school GPA, and college-test taking over and above cognitive skills. Exploiting random assignment of students to …