Institutions of higher education are considered as an important source of innovation. Consequently, big efforts are … least one invention, only 4,5% of the sample are engaged in commercialization activities. Therefore the vast majority of … factors affect the innovation and knowledge transfer activities of male and female academics. We show that Gender differences …

inventors shape their collaboration decisions. Using a new panel of UK inventors and a novel identification strategy, this paper … factors. Over time, physical proximity increases in salience. For multiple inventors, geographic proximity is, however, much … less important than organisational, social, and ethnic links. For inventors as a whole, proximities are fundamentally …