the quantity of world trade carried by air to increase over time. Country pairs with relatively short air routes compared … omitted variable problem by generating a time varying geographic instrument. Improvements in aircraft technology have caused … instrument for trade that varies over time. The time series variation allows for controls for country fixed effects, eliminating …

variable problem by generating time varying geographic instruments. The quantity of world trade carried by air has been … increasing over time. Estimates from a gravity model show an increase in the elasticity of bilateral trade with regard to air … distance over time while the elasticity with regard to sea distance has declined. This change has heterogeneous effects on the …

the quantity of world trade carried by air to increase over time. Country pairs with relatively short air routes compared … omitted variable problem by generating a time varying geographic instrument. Improvements in aircraft technology have caused … instrument for trade that varies over time. The time series variation allows for controls for country fixed effects, eliminating …