2008 OECD Study into the Role of Tax Intermediaries. In the United Kingdom, HMRC have been developing a risk rating … approach to tax risk management as part of their Review of Links with Large Business. The approach is designed to promote an … resource allocation and the encouragement of companies to consider their position so as to achieve the benefits of low risk …

, paying particular attention to the influence of differences in tax rates and attitudes toward risk. Under the plausible … assumptions that households are more risk averse than institutions and possess a greater relative "tax preference" for equity … versus debt, we are able to characterize the equilibria which may result when debt is subject to bankruptcy risk. Among the …