The development of robo-advising allows investors to receive advice on investments that were considered too small by traditional human advisers. In this paper, the viability of robo-advising for individual investors is discussed by investigating one of the basic strategies of portfolio...

The high-cardinality of mean-variance portfolios is a concern in practice because it increases transaction costs and management fees. Therefore, we propose a method to resolve the cardinality problem by applying the semi-definite relaxation method to a cardinality constrained optimal tangent...