, group bonuses and share ownership) and job satisfaction. Critically, this relationship remains after conditioning on wage … levels, which suggests these pay methods provide utility to workers in addition to that through higher wages. These findings …

While the literature on the incidence and wage effects of over-education is substantial, specific results for doctoral … holders in Europe (i.e. in EU Member States and the UK), but also by estimating their wage penalty relative to what they could …-education wage penalty in light of theoretical models. Depending on the specification adopted, we find that over-educated PhD holders …

While the literature on the incidence and wage effects of over-education is substantial, specific results for doctoral … holders in Europe (i.e. in EU Member States and the UK), but also by estimating their wage penalty relative to what they could …-education wage penalty in light of theoretical models. Depending on the specification adopted, we find that over-educated PhD holders …

differentials hypothesizes an inevitable trade-off between higher wages and non-wage benefits, the efficiency wage theory suggests … work-life benefits and various employment outcomes in the Canadian labour market. Whilst the theory of compensating wage … otherwise. The empirical evidence broadly supports the efficiency wage theory, thus rejecting the compensating wage …

associated with significantly lower wages but there is no wage penalty from overskilling. Furthermore, those who simultaneously …This paper contributes to the literature on overeducation by empirically investigating the wage penalty of job … report overeducation and skills dissatisfaction experience a particularly high wage penalty. …