The financial crisis of 2008, like the pandemic Spanish flu 90 years prior, spanned the globe twice and caused substantial destruction. It also introduced an entirely new lexicon of economic and regulatory terminology, such as “contagion” and “systemic shock,” into the popular and...

In the global financial crisis of 2007-2009, concern of systemic risk ultimately forced many national governments to take unprecedented action to inject liquidity, provide capital support and give guarantees to domestic and international financial institutions considered as systemically...