female managers or female owners of firms were better at bringing innovations to the market. Employing a range of firm …-specific and country-specific controls, the econometric results show that female owners of firms, rather than female managers, were … finance availability constraints actually spurred innovation. Finally, the economy-wide effects of greater economic freedom …

likelihood that the patent application of a female inventor would be approved. This finding is consistent with a mechanism where …We analyze the gender gap in the success of patent application at the USPTO. We leverage quasi-exogeneous variation … from the random assignment of patent examiners within technology fields, allowing us to find the causal impact of examiner …

, context, and innovation performance among women entrepreneurs in Ecuador. Based on a sample of 45 women entrepreneurs, the … a key role in fostering innovation in women-led firms in Ecuador. This innovation is facilitated by establishing close … study employs a fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) and identifies six distinct paths to innovation …

The paper compares and contrasts the patent-based indicators, traditionally used to assess a country’s technological … being misleading. Empirically, the paper is based on the statistical information on patent activity of the top-10 patenting … countries. It concludes with a clear demonstration of the need to employ a complex of patent-related indicators to make …

Do stronger intellectual property rights incentivize female participation in innovation? We provide new evidence on … significant rise in the number of female inventors and an increase in the number of patents with females on inventor teams vis … artificial intelligence patents with female inventors on the team improved. Results are robust controlling for unobserved …

for the Canada-U.S. productivity and income gaps; the importance of skills for innovation and productivity; the diffusion …

set of opportunities for innovation in agricultural biotechnologies. Moreover, the institutional, regulatory and …

This chapter summarizes the basic characteristics of patent data as an innovation indicator and reviews some of the … recent research using patent data, focusing on major developments since Griliches in 1990 [Griliches, Z. (1990). “Patent … availability of patent data on an increasingly global scale and the accompanying global spread of research using patent data. The …