A working knowledge of cybersecurity by high-level stakeholders is necessary for the effective management of complex digital infrastructures. High-level stakeholders within state government must strengthen cybersecurity platforms and prepare for the consequences of inevitable failures. This...

Covid-19 has highlighted the fragility of supply chains in a range of critical infrastructure: food, medicines, health care, information technology, communications, and more. This paper focuses on an under-appreciated supply chain risk—network cybersecurity—that was present before the...

This paper studies how the stock market perceives and prices cyber risk. To estimate the ex-ante likelihood that a firm will experience a cyber attack, we apply cross-validated logistic LASSO regressions to a set of firm and industry characteristics along with an estimate of a firm's...

With the business disruptive translation of IT systems and networks, Cyber (Cybersecurity)-Risk has increased manifold over the past decade. The Zero-day attacks are now common phenomena. Tightening of security controls are not strictly sufficient to contain cyber security risks and to combat...

Cyber incidents are becoming more sophisticated and their costs difficult to quantify. Using a unique database of more than 100,000 cyber events across sectors, we document the characteristics of cyber incidents. Cyber costs are higher for larger firms and for incidents that impact several...