A Single Market for services in the European Union is not yet a reality. The European Commission launched proposals that would remove some negative trade impacts caused by national regulation differences. We apply a general equilibrium model (WorldScan) to assess what economic benefits the...

This study presents recently available data on the microstructure of Dutch exports and the relation between export participation and productivity at the firm and establishment-level. We test whether recent theories of international trade with heterogeneous firms can explain the patterns in the...

European business services have experienced about two decades of almost zero productivity growth. The paper investigates whether this is caused by weak dynamic market selection. The time pattern of scale-related inefficiencies is used as an indicator for the effectiveness of market selection.We...

In most EU member states, the business services industry has booked no productivity growth during the last two decades. The industry's performance in the other member states was weaker than that of its US counterparts. Exploring what may be causing this productivity stagnation, this policy brief...