In this paper we investigate the effect of family connections to politicians on individuals' labor market outcomes. We … combine data for Italy over almost three decades from longitudinal social security records on a random sample of around 1 … on the part of politicians, the effect increases with politicians' clout and with the resources available in the …

In this paper we investigate the effect of family connections to politicians on individuals' labor market outcomes. We … combine data for Italy over almost three decades from longitudinal social security records on a random sample of around 1 … on the part of politicians, the effect increases with politicians' clout and with the resources available in the …

- and examine how their chances of promotion depend on their performance in office and connections with top politicians. Our … empirical analysis, based on the curriculum vitae of Chinese politicians, shows that connections and performance are complements … allowing incumbent top politicians to select competent provincial leaders without risking being ousted. Auxiliary evidence …

– and examine how their chances of promotion depend on their performance in office and connections with top politicians. Our … empirical analysis, based on the curriculum vitae of Chinese politicians, shows that connections and performance are complements … allowing incumbent top politicians to select competent provincial leaders without risking being ousted. Auxiliary evidence …

This article investigates the patronage phenomenon in the italian, so called, Second Republic. In particular, the … instrument to control and reward politicians' loyalty throughout a legislature. Especially in a majoritarian electoral system …, where the interests of political parties and districts may diverge, the formers would need patronage resource to assure …