agriculture to illustrate the dynamic adoption process for IPM. The results indicate that public IPM technology transfer programs …

The ecological literature suggests that biodiversity reduces the variance of ecosystem services. Thus, conservative … biodiversity management has an insurance value to risk-averse users of ecosystem services. We analyze a conceptual ecological … and external effects of management effort on biodiversity; and (iii) the welfare loss due to free-riding may decrease or …

externalities caused by domestic trade, focusing on exter- nalities that arise through exports. Externalities from exports come from … for a wide range of externalities and show the most widely used corrective mechanism, taxes on the sector imposing the …