Amongst Stanford University’s most profitable technology licenses lies an odd entry: frequency modulation synthesis. The license is unusual in that it came not from the School of Medicine or the School of Engineering, but rather the music department. Indeed, the Stanford music department...

Stanford University, which successfully licensed FMsound synthesis, was one of the first universities to become engaged incommercialization activities.The music department of Stanford Universityhas developed a broad portfolio of licenses over the years since the licensefor FM sound synthesis....

Collaborations between universities and firms are of growing interest to scholars and practitioners alike, many of whom see these relationships as key to knowledge diffusion. While the literature on university-firm collaborations has made a number of contributions, however, it has not engaged in...

Although innovation diffusion is a central topic in policy and strategy, its measurement remains difficult – particularly in cases where the innovation is a complex and possibly ambiguous practice. In this paper, we develop four theoretical mechanisms that may bias diffusion markers by leading...