This chapter analyzes the inadequacy of state policies to assist small-scale tobacco contract farming in peripheral … statistical data from the Tobacco Information and Marketing Board (TIMB) in Zimbabwe was also obtained. Tobacco contract farming … peripheral communities in Zimbabwe with large numbers of farmers who grow tobacco under contract and those who do not. Access to …

The tobacco epidemic is a worldwide phenomenon with significantly destructive effects on developing, transitional, and … industrialized nations. The first scientific evidence on the health consequences of tobacco consumption-specifically, smoking …-was discovered in industrialized nations. As a result, the economic analysis of tobacco control issues began and was developed in …

The purpose of this tool is to help the reader understand the structure, design, and administration of tobacco taxes …. There is no doubt about the adverse health impacts of tobacco use. In both developed and developing countries, the … Ministries of health, tobacco interest groups, academia, and advocates against tobacco strongly believe that tobacco consumption …

The intended purpose of this tool is to let readers gain the necessary knowledge about tobacco smuggling. With this …, and impact on other policy goals. For example, if enhanced tax revenue is one goal of a tobacco taxation policy, smuggling … can be an important consideration, since smuggled tobacco avoids taxation. Likewise, tobacco smuggling can have an impact …

Currently there are approximately 4 million tobacco related deaths annually. If present trends continue, by the year …, government action to establish various tobacco control initiatives can prevent this from happening and save a significant number … of lives. Tobacco control measures include: i) raising tobacco prices by imposing higher excise taxes; ii) advertising …

The tobacco aphid, Myzus persicae nicotianae is aneconomically important pest of tobacco. Damage is throughdirect … as the bushy-top virus, the alfalfa mosaicvirus and the potato virus-Y. Before 2002, the main colourform of the tobacco … aphid in Zimbabwe was green. However,during the 2003/2004 tobacco season, concerns were raisedwhere red forms of the tobacco …

This report aims to contribute to the policy debate over the reform of the Indonesian tobacco excise tax system by … reporting results of a nationally representative survey of and focus group discussion with smallholder tobacco farmers that … examine their livelihoods and how tobacco tax reform may affect these households …