This paper documents the emergence and growth of digital labour markets in Eastern Europe. It shows that the development of two types of digital work – online work through online labour platforms and offline work mediated by mobile apps – have a different history, root causes and dynamics....

The digitalisation of the economy refers to how ICT is transforming what goods and services we produce, how we produce them and where we produce them. This touches upon many aspects of society: how labour is being exchanged on digital platforms, how consumers are becoming producers (so-called...