explain the gender gap in competitiveness. Experiment 1 studies whether stress responses (measured with salivary cortisol and … voluntary competition. We find that while the mandatory competition does increase stress levels, there is no gender difference … correlated with choosing to enter the voluntary competition for women. In Experiment 2 we exogenously induce stress using the …

explain the gender gap in competitiveness. Experiment 1 studies whether stress responses (measured with salivary cortisol and … voluntary competition. We find that while the mandatory competition does increase stress levels, there is no gender difference … correlated with choosing to enter the voluntary competition for women. In Experiment 2 we exogenously induce stress using the …

Since many key career events, such as exams and interviews, involve competition and stress, gender differences in … response to these factors could help to explain the labor-market gender gap. In a laboratory experiment, we manipulate … psychosocial stress using the Trier Social Stress Test, and confirm that this is effective by measuring salivary cortisol. Subjects …

Gender differences in paid performance under competition have been found in many laboratory-based experiments, and it … environments. To explore this further, we conducted a laboratory experiment comprising 444 subjects, and measured gender … the subject competes with three other individuals and the winner takes all; (ii) an anonymized competition in which an …