China or Japan, has no predictable effect on its trade surplus. Currency appreciation by the creditor country will slow its …-growth and low-growth economies, as between Japan and the U.S. from in 1950 to 1971 and China and the U.S. from 1994 to 2005 … growth. The qualified case for China moving toward greater flexibility in the form of a very narrow band for the yuan …

China keeps its exchange rate tightly fixed to the dollar. Its productivity growth and trade surplus have been high … reduce China's trade surplus but could cause serious deflation in China. To show this, we consider international adjustment … between China and the United States from both an asset-market and a labor-market perspective, and compare this to Japan …

for China. (i) Although foreign exchange reserves are a useful shield against currency crises, by now China's current … independent policy instruments (e.g. the real exchange rate and the interest rate). (iv) A large economy like China can achieve … in China are lownot just low relative to the US (0.23), but also low by the standards of a BalassaSamuelson relationship …

China's fixed its exchange rate at 8.28 yuan to the dollar from 1994 to July 2005, and has only allowed for a small … appreciation since then. China's productivity growth has been very high relative to most other countries: its trade surplus has … US government, take this as per se evidence that the renminbi is undervalued. To balance China's international …