This paper argues that corruption in Russia is systemic in nature. Low wage levels of public officials provide strong … towards the powers that be; thus corruption is a method of governance. We trace the systemic corruption back to the Mongolian … within Russia, survey the literature on the causes, consequences, and cures of corruption in Russia, and discuss entry points …

This paper argues that corruption in Russia is systemic in nature. Low wage levels of public officials provide strong … towards the powers that be; thus corruption is a method of governance. We trace the systemic corruption back to the Mongolian … within Russia, survey the literature on the causes, consequences, and cures of corruption in Russia, and discuss entry points …

prevailing view of Russia's political economy as an informal, particularistic state-business exchange. At the theoretical level …

that the distance to the nearest camp is a strong negative predictor of mafia presence in Russia’s communities in the early …, I examine the effects of mafia presence on local crime and elite violence in mid-1990s Russia. In particular, I show …

that the distance to the nearest camp is a strong negative predictor of mafia presence in Russia's communities in the early …, I examine the effects of mafia presence on local crime and elite violence in mid-1990s Russia. In particular, I show …

the Soviet Gulag archipelago, and could be found near the gulags' initial locations in mid-1990s Russia, some three … politicians in the early post-Soviet Russia. …

politicians may have to engage in political corruption and management. The presence of a well-informed electorate in a democratic … setting explains between one half and two thirds of the variance in the levels of governmental performance and corruption …

This paper describes institutions of direct democracy between 1997 and 2003 in 26 Swiss cantons (states), specifically …-legislative institutions are distinguished. This paper also provides calculations of the index and sub-indices of direct democracy for the … (1999) and Stutzer (1999) this paper includes the political institutions of the so-called Landsgemeinde cantons. Description …

In this paper we explore relationships between corruption perceptions and such characteristics as the size of shadow … economy, GDP per capita, well-being, the Happy Planet Index (HPI), and quality of institutions. Special attention is paid to … countries. It is shown that irrespective of whether the economy is developed or transitional, negative dependence of corruption …

In this paper we explore relationships between corruption perceptions and such characteristics as the size of shadow … economy, GDP per capita, well-being, the Happy Planet Index (HPI), and quality of institutions. Special attention is paid to … countries. It is shown that irrespective of whether the economy is developed or transitional, negative dependence of corruption …