In low-income countries, primary school students often fall far below grade level and primary dropout rates remain high …. Further, in some countries, educators encourage their weaker students to drop out before reaching the end of primary school …. These educators hope to avoid the negative attention that authorities direct to a school when its students perform poorly on …

are important in explaining students' achievement. Third, investment in primary school teachers is most effective when … schools with a high degree of supervision on the part of the school principal achieve better scores.This paper - a product of …

comparable groups. She also finds that some incentives for teachers at the school level improve learning achievement. For …

are important in explaining students' achievement. Third, investment in primary school teachers is most effective when … schools with a high degree of supervision on the part of the school principal achieve better scores. …

school in order to avoid the negative attention they receive when their students perform poorly on primary leaving exams. We … attendance rates two school years later from .56 to .60. These attendance gains were driven primarily by outcomes in treatment …