The network design problem with relays arises in telecommunications and distribution systems where the payload must be reprocessed at intermediate stations called relays on the route from its origin to its destination. In fiber-optic networks, for example, optical signals may be regenerated...

As high-speed networks have proliferated across the globe, their topologies have become sparser due to the increased reliability of components and cost considerations. Reliability has been a traditional goal within network design optimization. An alternative design consideration, network...