which are under patent protection in India. The Indian prices of DPP-4 inhibitors are higher than those of other drugs in … the same segment, but only a fraction of the price in the U.S. and other developed countries (i.e., the patent holders … practice international differential pricing). The patent holders also license the products out voluntarily to local …

Gilbert and Katz (2006) (GK) show that allowing (pure) patent bundling increases the incentives for patent owners to … enter into “long-term” patent licensing that commits them not to expropriate licensees’ sunk costs in complementary assets … framework to analyze the tying of non-RAND-committed patents to RAND-committed patents. Pure patent bundling/tying is common and …

distorts occupational choice. We study this possibility in the context of a model with horizontal innovation, where the …