asset class has become less costly over time. We define costs as the difference between gross and net returns (return spread …-based fees, surprisingly, the cost of PE investing has increased. We relate the higher costs to increased levels of dry powder …

Clearing members face substantial costs for capital as they post Initial Margin and are required to contribute to the … Default Fund of the Central Counterparty Clearing House (CCP). In this paper, we discuss how these costs can be priced and …

It is often said that the private sector is in a good position to manage project costs and meet deadlines, but not … a portfolio of risky investments dedicated to the future repayment of the debt. It goes without saying that other …

, general, and administrative costs to adjust their cost structures and modify both their assets and labor costs to achieve high …

This paper examines bankruptcy costs using market prices of equity and put options during the financial crisis. Our … approach avoids the downward selection bias and the upward bias when using the tradeoff theory to estimate bankruptcy costs …. While the average bankruptcy cost is about 20%, we find wide variation across and within industries. Costs are related …

liquidity globally, cannot net trades cleared in different CCPs and this increases their collateral costs. These costs are then …