After earlier waves of privatization, local governments have increasingly taken back control of local service … provisions in some sectors and countries and, instead, started providing those services themselves (reverse privatization). Using … the years 2003, 2009, and 2015, we investigate motives for reverse privatization. Our results show that, in deciding …

After earlier waves of privatization, local governments have increasingly taken back control of local service … provisions in some sectors and countries and, instead, started providing those services themselves (reverse privatization). Using … the years 2003, 2009, and 2015, we investigate motives for reverse privatization. Our results show that, in deciding …

This article argues that while EU competition law rightly takes a functional approach to its subject—the undertaking …: economic activity of a public entity falling outside of the scope of competition law altogether when connected to the exercise … approach to the undertaking as the subject of competition law, it impedes effective enforcement; (2) it enables public entities …

combining and further analyzing the results of 52 retrospective studies on 82 mergers or merger-like transactions it can be …In this comprehensive review of ex-post merger studies price effects of horizontal transactions are evaluated. By … shown that the industry alone is no strong indication for the direction of price-related merger effects. However, the "size …

The importance of economics to the analysis and enforcement of competition policy and law has increased tremendously in … the developed market economies in the past forty years. In younger and developing market economies, competition law itself … competition law enforcement in developed market economies in focusing investigations and in assisting decision makers in …

There is a data paradox in competition enforcement. Data is an infinitely scalable, widely available, non-rivalrous and … non-exclusive asset. The European Commission's merger decisional practice suggests that these features make data a kind of … asset unlikely to be conducive to competition issues. Yet, some observe that digital markets are increasingly dominated by …

The study analyzes the impact of European antitrust enforcement on industry performance measured as competition … competitive market structure. We find that enforcement has a considerable effect, both on competition intensity and on … an increase in competition and productivity after the cartel break-up. The impact of vertical conduct is more complex …

At least since the early 1980s, the core principles of merger enforcement policy have been stable. Horizontal mergers … competition are condemned, and consumer welfare is the touchstone by which these assessments are made. In the past few years …, however, the Federal Trade Commission and Department of Justice challenged one merger transaction, and almost challenged …