Local citizen participation schemes like the German "Bürgerwindparks" (citizen wind farm) have been an important vehicle to develop the wind energy business to its present state of market maturity. This article discusses ownership as an integrated part of the economic project design for...

An explicit proof of a simple time-step propagation scheme is given in the framework of basic probability theory. It can be used in Monte Carlo simulations solving the Boltzmann transport equation. If the stochastically selected first scattering event occurs before a given time t1, the particle...

During recent years, closed-end funds have become one of the dominant financing schemes for wind farms in Germany. Having evolved out of the traditional model of local citizen-financed wind farms (‘Bürgerwindpark’), closed-end wind funds can be seen as a logical consequence of the...