living standards in LDCs. In particular, it is not known if a substantial share of welfare or poverty is the consequence of … price differences rather than of differences in living standards across households and seasons. Using data from Rwanda, we … contrast, the change in poverty can be considerable, for chronic as well as transient or seasonal poverty indicators. The …

households (MHH) in Tanzania as well as with the underlying cause of potentially different patterns. I estimate semiparametric …