We estimate the effect of education on lifetime income in Europe, by distinguishing between individuals who lived in rural or urban areas during childhood and between individuals who had access to many or few books at age ten. We instrument years of education using reforms of compulsory...

Information on the primal and dual productivity measure is used to estimate industry mark-ups for 4-digit US manufacturing industries. Investigating the relationship between these estimates and various industry characteristics as well as their cyclical movements, it is found that mark-ups are...

[eng] Based the structure-conduct-performance-approach the present paper analyses determinants of price-cost-margins over the business cycle for food industries in Germany, the usa as well as the Netherlands. Controlling for market structure variables, cyclical fluctuations in profitability are...

In the large empirical literature that investigates the causal effects of education on outcomes such as health, wages and crime, it is customary to measure education with years of schooling, and to identify these effects using the exogenous variation provided by school reforms increasing...

This paper highlights the importance of "centrality" for pricing. Firms characterised by a more central position in a spatial network are more powerful in terms of having a stronger impact on their competitors' prices and on equilibrium prices. These propositions are derived from a simple...

The present paper provides first empirical evidence on the effects of entry on market conduct for a transition economy. We estimate size thresholds required to support different numbers of firms for seven retail and professional service industries in a large number of distinct geographic markets...

The present paper provides first empirical evidence on the relationship between market size and the number of firms for a transition economy. We estimate size thresholds required to support different numbers of firms for seven retail and professional service industries in a large number of...

The present paper provides first empirical evidence on the relationship between market size and the number of firms in the health-care industry for a transition economy. We estimate market size thresholds required to support diff erent numbers of suppliers (firms) for three occupations in the...