1999 and introduced subsequent to January 1 of that year, regarding the reform of the administrative division of Poland …

main findings are that the corruption of the political principals may induce a situation in which the bureaucracy is … bureaucracy, and that the corruption of the political regime and the level of economic development may also affect bureaucratic …Most models of bureaucracy tend to assume a principal-agent model in which elected politicians delegate policy …

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to explain the issues and variables that influence the bureaucracy's role and … highlighting their ecology with the transitional period and analyzing the determinants of bureaucracy's role and functions in terms … mediator in communication and acting as an active participant in the development process giving examples from Poland. Finally …

correlates with perceptions of corruption. We find judicial independence to be of major relevance for a tamed bureaucracy …The monopoly position of the public bureaucracy in providing public services allows government employees to acquire … extent of rents in the public bureaucracy. The extent of rents is determined by differences in institutional constraints and …

responsiveness of officials and of political control of the bureaucracy and, thereby, the size and distribution of rents in the … bureaucracy. The extent of rents is determined by differences in institutional and political constraints. In particular, we find … judicial independence to be of major relevance for a tamed bureaucracy. Further, our measure for rents correlates with …