This paper estimates a stochastic production frontier, to investigate whether municipalities covered by oil royalties … purpose of overcoming the endogeneity problems due to reverse causality of output on inputs, we used the lagged independent … variable as instruments in the inefficiency equation. The data set is composed of a panel of Brazilian municipalities from 2002 …

, these resources began to be distributed between all municipalities and departments through various funds and according to …-national governments. For municipalities, these funds are twice the amount collected by two of the most important municipal taxes, property …,025 municipalities. Unlike conventional impact evaluations comparing treatment and control groups, the dose-response analysis compares …

municipality level in 2012 employing a dose-response analysis, for a sample of 1,025 municipalities. It was found that in the 93 …% of municipalities, where the proportion of royalties in their total revenues are less or equal to 20%, the fiscal … resources but did not guarantee their appropriation by the municipalities, these results can be explained by the low execution …

, these resources began to be distributed between all municipalities and departments through various funds and according to …-national governments. For municipalities, these funds are twice the amount collected by two of the most important municipal taxes, property …,025 municipalities. Unlike conventional impact evaluations comparing treatment and control groups, the dose-response analysis compares …

Using a panel data set for Dutch municipalities we estimate effects for weight-based, bag-based, frequency-based and … compostable and increasing recyclable waste. Pricing has no effect on the waste collected in surrounding municipalities (waste …

decreasing over time, so that the most environmental friendly municipalities implement unit-based pricing systems at first. In …

municipalities. …