Recent years have witnessed a return of protectionism as tariff barriers were raised by the United States and other … the US tariffs applied within the tariff war, especially in more substitutable commodities …

structural model of endogenous tariff evasion, one which then highlights the importance of both tariffs and border enforcement …

structural model of endogenous tariff evasion, one which then highlights the importance of both tariffs and border enforcement …

We estimate the macroeconomic effects of import tariffs and trade policy uncertainty in the United States, combining … theory-consistent and narrative sign restrictions on Bayesian SVARs. We find mostly adverse consequences of protectionism … imply higher output costs of protectionism than partial equilibrium or static trade models. …

tariffs. …

trade costs in both tariff- and nontariffpolicy variables. We assess the effects of a unilateral increase of US tariffs on …