Organizations need to both differentiate themselves while conforming to their audiences’ expectations. To meet this demand, organizations may span different categories. However, valuing spanners is challenging for audiences. We contend that spanners’ valuation depends on category nesting, as...

Fundraising for venture capital investments have continued to increase in recent years. One crucial step in the investment process is the valuation of the target company. Investors are faced with the great challenge of valuing a young venture without a corporate or financial history, a firm...

A Practical Guide for Startup Valuation - An Analytic Approach -- introduction to startup valuation: from idea to ipo -- From Planning to Valuation: Mastering Business Planning and Sensitivity Analysis for Your Startup -- Valuation versus Pricing: A conceptual and practical guide to estimate...

We develop a valuation model for venture capital-backed companies and apply it to 135 U.S. unicorns - private companies with reported valuations above $1 billion. We value unicorns using financial terms from legal filings and find reported unicorn post-money valuation average 50% above fair...