Policymakers behavioral economics toolbox contains both paternalistic and nonpaternalistic nudges. In the case of paternalistic nudges, policymakers identify the optimal choice for consumers and then push consumers toward that choice by setting default options or manipulating loss aversion. In...

Background: Fragmented care and duplicated services have historically plagued the management of chronic conditions in the elderly, where care has focused on treating acute episodes of illness rather than chronic problems. Decisions made by the near elderly (ages 55 to 64) about the timing and...

Because research synthesis enables one to determine either the overall effectiveness of different types of treatments, it is becoming increasingly popular as a tool in program evaluation. Numerous methodological problems arise, however, when research synthesis is applied to studies conducted in...

Meta-analytic techniques were used to explore overall conclusions and variables moderating treatment effects in the research literature on school desegregation and black achievement. Studies were classified on the basis of the threats to their validity as either accepted or rejected for the...